Pesticides are an indispensable means of production for agricultural production. According to incomplete statistics, China's annual pesticide consumption reaches more than 1.8 million tons , and the effective utilization rate is low, which can easily cause problems such as pesticide residues and environmental pollution. Researching and exploring ways to reduce pesticide use and increase efficiency is of great significance to controlling pesticide non-point source pollution, ensuring the agricultural ecological environment and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and promoting the green and efficient development of agriculture. In recent years, hypochlorous acid has been gradually applied in China to the fields of crop disease and pest control, pesticide residue degradation, and post-harvest protection of fruits and vegetables. It can replace or partially replace pesticides when used for crop disease and pest control. Related studies have clarified the effect of reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency by combining hypochlorous acid water and pesticides to control tea leaf beetles, providing an experimental basis for its widespread application on crops.
Promote the application of slightly acidic electrolyzed water in the field of plant protection.
The tea leaf beetle ( Basilepta melanopus Lefevre) belongs to the family of the order Coleoptera, and is a tea tree pest that has been seriously devastating in some tea-growing areas in southern China since the 1980s . It has now become the main tea tree pest in Ningxiang City, and has been seriously infested in Baiyun Tea Farm, Tianjing Tea Farm and other places. This insect has one generation per year , with mature larvae overwintering in the rhizosphere soil, emerging from the ground in early May, and the peak period of adult damage from mid-May to mid-June . Adults gradually become less common in July . Adults bite the tender leaves of new shoots, forming holes. In severe cases, there may be more than 200 holes on each leaf, causing leaf damage, hindering the elongation of new shoots, declining tree vigor, and reduced product and quality .
Specifically, the combination of electrolyzed hypochlorous acid water and 12% biphenyl-imidacloprid suspension has a good control effect on tea leaf beetles. After 14 days of application, the average control efficiency can reach 88.9%. In addition, electrolyzed hypochlorous acid water can not only effectively control tea leaf beetles, but also reduce the use of pesticides and reduce the tolerance of crops to drugs, thus achieving green prevention and control.
The best ratio of hypochlorous acid water and 12% biphenyl·imidacloprid suspension is 70% of the recommended dose. The specific operation process is as follows:
- Prepare slightly acidic electrolyzed water: First, you need to prepare hypochlorous acid water and make sure its pH value is between 3 and 4.
- Preparation of 12% biphenyl imidacloprid suspension: Prepare 70% of the regular dosage. For example, if the regular dosage is 100 ml, use 70 ml of 12% biphenyl imidacloprid suspension.
- Mixing: Mix hypochlorous acid water and 12% biphenyl·imidacloprid suspension in the above proportion.
- Application: Spray the mixed solution evenly on the tea leaf beetles that need to be controlled.
Table 1 The control effect of hypochlorous acid water combined with 12% biphenyl·imidacloprid suspension on tea leaf beetle
Acidic electrolyzed water combined with 12% biphenyl·imidacloprid suspension has a good control effect on tea horn beetles. Its control effect is better than the conventional dosage when it is applied on the basis of reducing the conventional dosage by 30%. However, when it is combined with the conventional dosage reduced by 50%, the control effect is slightly worse than the conventional dosage of 100%, indicating that the application of acidic electrolyzed water combined with 12% biphenyl·imidacloprid suspension to control tea horn beetles can reduce the conventional dosage of 12% biphenyl·imidacloprid by 30%~50%. Hypochlorous acid water is an electrolytic oxidized water, which turns into water after it expires. It is safe for crops, environmentally friendly, non-toxic and has no residue. In recent years, the country has vigorously promoted the action of reducing the amount of pesticides and increasing their efficiency , and its application prospects are very broad.
Research on the safety assessment of hypochlorous acid water in tea cultivation mainly focuses on the following aspects:
According to a 2020 study, the hypochlorite content in 279 tea samples from 15 provinces in central, eastern and western China was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The results showed that the total detection rate of hypochlorite was 98.6%, and the content ranged from never detected to 1.6466 mg/kg, with a median of 0.1138 mg/kg. Among them, the health risk assessment values (HQ values) of hypochlorite in tea samples in Henan, Hubei, central Hunan and eastern Guangdong were all greater than 1, indicating that the hypochlorite pollution of tea samples in these areas is relatively serious and needs to be paid attention to.
The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan defined hypochlorous acid water as a specific pesticide based on various experimental results and conducted a food health impact assessment. Tests have shown that hypochlorous acid water with a pH value of 5.67-6.3 is non-toxic, has no corrosion to houses after long-term use, and does not produce dioxin (dioxin). No residual chlorine is detected regardless of spraying or immersion, and will not remain in the house. in food and taken into the body. Therefore, the use of hypochlorous acid water as a specific pesticide is not considered to have adverse effects on human health.
Another study investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on endophytic bacterial and fungal diversity in tea leaves and stems. The study found that the diversity of bacterial endophytes was significantly affected by NaClO concentration and pretreatment time. For example, pretreatment with 0.5% NaClO for 8 minutes is suitable for tea tree leaves, while pretreatment with 2.0% NaClO for 3 minutes is suitable for tea tree stems. However, NaClO has limited effect on fungal endophyte diversity.
The safety assessment of the use of hypochlorous acid water in tea cultivation involves its health risks to hypochlorite contamination in tea leaves, its safety as a specific pesticide, and its effects on the diversity of endophytes in tea leaves and stems.
Cost-benefit analysis of hypochlorous acid water in the control of tea leaf beetles can be discussed from the following aspects:
As a green disinfectant, hypochlorous acid water has a simple preparation process and low cost. The process of preparing hypochlorous acid solution by electrolyzing salt water is not only simple and easy, but also low in cost, making hypochlorous acid an affordable disinfectant. This means that the cost of using hypochlorous acid water in the prevention and control of tea horn-breasted leaf beetles is relatively low.
Hypochlorous acid water has the ability to replace or partially replace chemical pesticides. As early as 2003, Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries recognized hypochlorous acid water as a specific pesticide for the prevention of crop diseases. This shows that hypochlorous acid water has the potential to replace chemical pesticides in the control of tea horn beetle, thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides and further reducing the cost of control.
In addition, hypochlorous acid water has significant advantages in terms of safety of use, ease of operation and economy. These advantages make the practical application of hypochlorous acid water more convenient and economical, further improving its cost-effectiveness in controlling tea horn beetles.
Hypochlorous acid water has significant cost-effective advantages in controlling tea horn beetle.
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